SELECT 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_ult_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_ult_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_ult_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_ult_product_prices.price * cscart_ult_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_ult_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id IN (
    147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 
    155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 
    163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 
    172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179
  ) 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.company_id = 1 
  AND cscart_ult_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00061

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "filesort": {
      "sort_key": "cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id",
      "temporary_table": {
        "nested_loop": [
          {
            "table": {
              "table_name": "cscart_ult_product_prices",
              "access_type": "ALL",
              "possible_keys": [
                "usergroup",
                "product_id",
                "company_id",
                "lower_limit",
                "usergroup_id"
              ],
              "rows": 4,
              "filtered": 100,
              "attached_condition": "cscart_ult_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 and cscart_ult_product_prices.company_id = 1 and cscart_ult_product_prices.product_id in (147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179) and cscart_ult_product_prices.usergroup_id in (0,0,1)"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}